1.What is the significance of Kirov's murder? (This is what I went over in class.)
The significance of Kirov's murder is that Stalin used it as an excuse to start the Great Purge and purge the USSR of any potential opposition.
2. According to Stalin, who had Nikolayev been working for when he assassinated Kirov? Why is this significant?
According to Stalin, Nikolayev acted under orders of a "Leningrad Opposition Centre." This is significant because it justified Stalin's arrests and purging of old enemies and supporters of the left, including Zinoviev and Kamanev.
3. What is a Trotskyite?
A "Trotskyite" is an enemy of Stalin, and therefore the Communist Party. These, among "Zinovievotes" and "counter-revolutionaries," were the people Stalin made the party oppose so he could purge them from the party.
4. There are three major "show trials." List them and a brief description of their significance.
1. "Trial of the Sixteen" - A trial against Zinoviev, Kamanev, and 14 others accusing them of conspiring against the government. They were all shot, eliminating 2 of the Politburo, who could have opposed Stalin.
2. "Trial of the Seventeen" - 17 people were accused of having links with Trotsky and setting up terrorist organizations. All were found guilty and 14 were shot. Made Trotsky an enemy and accused him of being behind terrorist organizations.
3. "Trial of the Twenty-One" - Bukharin, Rykov, and 19 others were accused of and confessed to being in a "Trotskyist-Rightist bloc," wrecking industry, and helping foreign spies. Eliminated Bukharin and Rykov while making Trotsy an enemy.
5. During the Great Terror, there were three stages to the purges, staring with members of the Communist party. What were the next two stages and what type of people were purged?
The purges went second to the armed forces, and many Red Army generals were killed, along with many of the other high ranking soldiers. Finally it spread to everyday citizens, and anyone denounced by another or overheard criticizing Stalin was considered a "Trotskyite" and arrested.
Wednesday, January 26, 2011
Monday, January 24, 2011
Kirov Murder Mystery
1. In what circumstances did the assassin carry out the murder?
The cirumstances in which the assassin carried out the murder were perfectly convenient for an assassin. Kirov left his personal bodyguard downstairs, and also didn't notice the absence of the usual guards around him.
2. What strange coincidences surround the murder?
The strange coincidences surrounding the murder include the accident that killed Bosirov on his way to be questioned, yet no one else was hurt. However the NKVD men that were with him were killed later. Also, the accused NKVD men that were involved were sent to the GULAG, but given short sentences and higher privileges than other prisoners.
3. Is there any evidence to link Stalin to the murder?
When the Zaporozhets were doing suspicious things, like having Nikolayev released twice when he was arrested with evidence suggesting his intentions and recruiting new personnel without permission, Medved got Kirov's support and asked Stalin to remove them, but he refused. This suggests he wanted the Zaporozhets to remain there and keep aiding Nikolayev in murdering Kirov.
4. Is there any evidence to suggest that the NKVD was involved in the murder?
When asked why he killed Kirov, Nikolayev suggested Stalin asked "them," and pointed to the NKVD men. Also, when Yagoda was tried and accused of making it easy for Nikolayev to get to Kirov, he pleaded guilty.
5. Who had the best motive for the murder?
Stalin had the best motive for the murder, because Kirov was growing and gaining power, and of he continued he could pose a great threat to Stalin and possibly take power from him. Nikolayev just hated that he didn't get enough credit, and there was suspicion that his wife was having an affair with Kirov.
6. What theories can you suggest about who was responsible - was it the assassin alone or were others involved?
It is possible that Nikolayev had hated Kirov and wanted to do something about him, but hadn't had plans to kill him. He fainted by Kirov's body, so it doesn't seem that he had the stomach for murder. It seems like Stalin and the NKVD took his intentions further and had him murder Kirov and set everything up for him to do so.
2. What strange coincidences surround the murder?
The strange coincidences surrounding the murder include the accident that killed Bosirov on his way to be questioned, yet no one else was hurt. However the NKVD men that were with him were killed later. Also, the accused NKVD men that were involved were sent to the GULAG, but given short sentences and higher privileges than other prisoners.
3. Is there any evidence to link Stalin to the murder?
When the Zaporozhets were doing suspicious things, like having Nikolayev released twice when he was arrested with evidence suggesting his intentions and recruiting new personnel without permission, Medved got Kirov's support and asked Stalin to remove them, but he refused. This suggests he wanted the Zaporozhets to remain there and keep aiding Nikolayev in murdering Kirov.
4. Is there any evidence to suggest that the NKVD was involved in the murder?
When asked why he killed Kirov, Nikolayev suggested Stalin asked "them," and pointed to the NKVD men. Also, when Yagoda was tried and accused of making it easy for Nikolayev to get to Kirov, he pleaded guilty.
5. Who had the best motive for the murder?
Stalin had the best motive for the murder, because Kirov was growing and gaining power, and of he continued he could pose a great threat to Stalin and possibly take power from him. Nikolayev just hated that he didn't get enough credit, and there was suspicion that his wife was having an affair with Kirov.
6. What theories can you suggest about who was responsible - was it the assassin alone or were others involved?
It is possible that Nikolayev had hated Kirov and wanted to do something about him, but hadn't had plans to kill him. He fainted by Kirov's body, so it doesn't seem that he had the stomach for murder. It seems like Stalin and the NKVD took his intentions further and had him murder Kirov and set everything up for him to do so.
Tuesday, January 4, 2011
Gulags and the Purges
Read pages 14 - 17 in "Stalin & the Soviet Union - III," which is in your shared file folder. Answer the following seven questions and place them in your blog. These are due Wednesday prior to class.
1. What type of construction projects were built using the Gulag system?
3. Why do you think slave labor was used in the projects rather than paid laborers?
6. What was the purpose of the Show Trials?
The Gulag System
1. What type of construction projects were built using the Gulag system?
The Gulag system built projects like the canal between the White Sea and the Baltic Sea. This project was done entirely by hand; no machinery was used.
2. What were the conditions of the work camps?
The conditions of the work camps varied, but they were all bad. The prisoners who worked harder were given more food, and those who didn't work as had got less food. So the prisoners, who were hungry and tired, were not in the condition to be doing the work that was asked of them, and therefore they could not work efficiently enough to earn sufficient food. This, of course, only made them hungrier, and created a vicious circle from which they couldn't escape. Conditions were especially bad in the Kolyma region, where it sometimes got so cold that the mercury in thermometers would freeze.
2. What were the conditions of the work camps?
The conditions of the work camps varied, but they were all bad. The prisoners who worked harder were given more food, and those who didn't work as had got less food. So the prisoners, who were hungry and tired, were not in the condition to be doing the work that was asked of them, and therefore they could not work efficiently enough to earn sufficient food. This, of course, only made them hungrier, and created a vicious circle from which they couldn't escape. Conditions were especially bad in the Kolyma region, where it sometimes got so cold that the mercury in thermometers would freeze.
3. Why do you think slave labor was used in the projects rather than paid laborers?
Slave labor was used in the projects because the state could not afford to pay such a massive amount of workers to do the tasks, so they took the class enemies and forced them to work for free.
4. What were the issues surrounding Kirov's murder? Why do you think he had been murdered?
Purges, Show Trails and Terror
4. What were the issues surrounding Kirov's murder? Why do you think he had been murdered?
The issues surrounding Kirov's murder were that Nikolayev, the murderer, was stopped a few days before near Kirov's office. He had on him a revolver and a plan of Kirov's movements, however the guards released him and returned his gun. Also, Kirov's bodyguard, Borisov, was not present at the time of the murder. He usually went with Kirov everywhere he went. Then, the next day, Bosirov died in a car crash, the only casualty in a car containing several passengers.
5. What was the Great Purge? What specific group did it target?
The Great Purge was the period of massive arrests and murders that Stalin used to purge the Communist Party of his opposers and those who were unreliable.
5. What was the Great Purge? What specific group did it target?
The Great Purge was the period of massive arrests and murders that Stalin used to purge the Communist Party of his opposers and those who were unreliable.
6. What was the purpose of the Show Trials?
The purpose of the Show Trials was just for show. The trials were not at all fair, but they were largely publicized, and the press was invited. The many confessions made were not genuine, as they were often forced with torture and promises of survival.
7. What was the Great Terror?
7. What was the Great Terror?
The Great Terror was the state of fear that the whole nation fell into. Nobody knew who it was safe to talk to, because anyone could turn anyone in with false accusations, and get them shot or thrown in the gulags.
Friday, October 29, 2010
In Class: Lenin Between the Revolutions
1. Using Documents C, D, and E (page 2 - all numbers referred to are the big hand written page numbers) explain how Lenin and Stalin worked to secure the supremacy of the party.
Documents C, D, and E show Lenin's efforts to secure the supremacy of his party largely by suppressing the other parties. In document C, he criticizes the other parties and states that they do more harm than good and they spark conflict. He then orders the "dispersal of all groups, without exception." He demands that any group or party that is not his own supporters must cease to exist, or else be expelled from the party, and become an outcast. Stalin, three years later, expresses his views on the Communist Party, and in doing so he not only glorifies the Communist Party, but also strikes down the other parties. He says that the Communist Party was successful in achieving equality because "it was able in good time to purge itself of the opportunistic pollution." It was successful because it managed to oppress its corrupt adversaries. Document E shows the corruption and evil of these opposing parties. The Socialist Revolutionaries and Mensheviks are portrayed as small figures among a city engulfed in shadow, trying to prevent a much larger figure from leaving the dark city behind and moving on to the light revolution. It portrays the two parties as corrupt, and hindering Russia's progress. Stalin and Lenin's techniques in securing their party's supremacy largely includes suppressing the other parties.
Tuesday, October 26, 2010
Lenin in Power
1. Read Source 20. What aspects of War Communism are the sailors most angry about? Would you expect peasants in Russia to feel the same?
The sailors are most angry that the Russian people, expecting better freedom, were only thrown into worse slavery and suffering, and their hard working country had turned into a country of war. The Russian symbol of a working country, the sickle and hammer, had become the bayonets and barred windows of the Communists. Peasants in Russia most likely feel the same. They were hoping for bread, peace, and land, but all they got was more suffering, starvation, and war.
2. Does the evidence of Source 23 prove the NEP was a success? Explain your answer with reference to Sources 22, 24 and 25
Source 23 shows that the NEP was, in fact successful. Source 22 shows Lenin's talent with words in the way he assures the people that it has good intentions, and that it was meant to prepare the people for communism. Source 24 shows high hopes for the NEP. It shows confidence that the NEP will rebuild Russia, and says that the future is bring because of it. However, the conditions for the workers were not improved. Wages were still low and the work was still difficult. This meant nothing to Lenin, though, because he was ruthless and had no sympathy whatsoever for the people.
3. From all you have found about Lenin, do you agree with Source 26? Why or why not?
Lenin did a lot to change Russia, and completely turned it around. He led a revolution, changed the government, then started heading Russia towards communism. He was ruthless, and used brutal methods, but he hanged Russia, and helped to rebuild it with his NEP. He did indeed help Russia, however evil he was at times.
How did the Bolsheviks consolidate their rule?
4. Write an explanation of how the Bolsheviks made their rule more secure. Mention the following:
-The power of the Red Army
-Treatment of oppostion
-War Communism
-The New Economic Policy
-The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
-The victory in the Civil War
-The Promise of a new society
-Propaganda
-Is any one of the above factors more important than any of the others? Explain.
The Bolsheviks consolidated their rule by granting the people some reforms to make them happy, but including other reforms to grant them ultimate power. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk got Russia out of the war, with massive costs, and brought peace to Russia. The Bolsheviks promised to revolutionize Russia, bring a new, better society, and make life for everyone better I'm general. All throughout the Bolsheviks' quest to gain support, they were feeding the media tons of propaganda, which convinced many people and gained the Bolsheviks more support, and therefore more power. Then they began to use force to gain their power. Their Red Army collected goods from the people, and punished those who disobeyed. Any opposition was treated with brutality, and eliminated by the Red Army. The practice of War Communism kept the Red Army supplied, because people were forced to give up food and supplies, and all business was controlled by the state. As a result, the Red Army was able to win the Civil War and crush the opposition to their rule. However, the people were extremely unhappy, and Lenin eventually decided to issue the New Economic Policy, a temporary policy to build up Russia's economy. He said it was like taking a step back in order to get a running start and jump further, which in turn would gain him even more power.
The sailors are most angry that the Russian people, expecting better freedom, were only thrown into worse slavery and suffering, and their hard working country had turned into a country of war. The Russian symbol of a working country, the sickle and hammer, had become the bayonets and barred windows of the Communists. Peasants in Russia most likely feel the same. They were hoping for bread, peace, and land, but all they got was more suffering, starvation, and war.
2. Does the evidence of Source 23 prove the NEP was a success? Explain your answer with reference to Sources 22, 24 and 25
Source 23 shows that the NEP was, in fact successful. Source 22 shows Lenin's talent with words in the way he assures the people that it has good intentions, and that it was meant to prepare the people for communism. Source 24 shows high hopes for the NEP. It shows confidence that the NEP will rebuild Russia, and says that the future is bring because of it. However, the conditions for the workers were not improved. Wages were still low and the work was still difficult. This meant nothing to Lenin, though, because he was ruthless and had no sympathy whatsoever for the people.
3. From all you have found about Lenin, do you agree with Source 26? Why or why not?
Lenin did a lot to change Russia, and completely turned it around. He led a revolution, changed the government, then started heading Russia towards communism. He was ruthless, and used brutal methods, but he hanged Russia, and helped to rebuild it with his NEP. He did indeed help Russia, however evil he was at times.
How did the Bolsheviks consolidate their rule?
4. Write an explanation of how the Bolsheviks made their rule more secure. Mention the following:
-The power of the Red Army
-Treatment of oppostion
-War Communism
-The New Economic Policy
-The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
-The victory in the Civil War
-The Promise of a new society
-Propaganda
-Is any one of the above factors more important than any of the others? Explain.
The Bolsheviks consolidated their rule by granting the people some reforms to make them happy, but including other reforms to grant them ultimate power. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk got Russia out of the war, with massive costs, and brought peace to Russia. The Bolsheviks promised to revolutionize Russia, bring a new, better society, and make life for everyone better I'm general. All throughout the Bolsheviks' quest to gain support, they were feeding the media tons of propaganda, which convinced many people and gained the Bolsheviks more support, and therefore more power. Then they began to use force to gain their power. Their Red Army collected goods from the people, and punished those who disobeyed. Any opposition was treated with brutality, and eliminated by the Red Army. The practice of War Communism kept the Red Army supplied, because people were forced to give up food and supplies, and all business was controlled by the state. As a result, the Red Army was able to win the Civil War and crush the opposition to their rule. However, the people were extremely unhappy, and Lenin eventually decided to issue the New Economic Policy, a temporary policy to build up Russia's economy. He said it was like taking a step back in order to get a running start and jump further, which in turn would gain him even more power.
Lenin in Power
1. What was the Sovnarkom?
The Council of People's Commissars. It immediately began giving what Lenin promised, peace, bread, and land.
2. Why was the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk bad for Russia?
The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was bad for Russia because it suffered huge losses, including a third of it's land, just over half of it's industry, 89 percent of it's coal mines, a quarter of it's agricultural land, and was charged with a massive fine of 300 gold million roubles.
3. Who were the "Whites"?
A group of Bolshevik opposers from inside and outside of Russia.
4.. Read Source 3. What evidence does it provide of Lenin's
a) political skill
He saw an obstacle that had to be overcome, and he stated his intentions of overcoming this obstacle without clearly stating the ruthless methods he had in mind.
b) ruthlessness
The Bourgoisie was an obstacle that was against Lenin's rise, and his plan was just to get rid of the middle class members that got in his way. He had no mercy and was fully prepared to kill anyone that might get in his way to absolute power.
5. Use Sources 5 and 7 to describe how the Civil War affected ordinary people.
The ordinary people of Russsia hated the Bolsheviks, because the Red Army would send armed soldiers to forcibly take their grain, and punishment for military offense was death. People were arrested frequently, and held in prison for months without trial. The middle class was completely oppressed, and weren't allowed to sell things or run their businesses. People all over Petrograd died from starvation. Also, people were in a war zone, and if the fighting reached their village, they paid a price for doing nothing wrong to whichever side wins over the village in battle. The common people were suffering during the civil war.
6. "Most Russians saw the Bolsheviks as the lesser of two evils." With reference to Sources 5, 7, 13 and 16 explain whether or not you agree with this statement or not.
The Council of People's Commissars. It immediately began giving what Lenin promised, peace, bread, and land.
2. Why was the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk bad for Russia?
The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was bad for Russia because it suffered huge losses, including a third of it's land, just over half of it's industry, 89 percent of it's coal mines, a quarter of it's agricultural land, and was charged with a massive fine of 300 gold million roubles.
3. Who were the "Whites"?
A group of Bolshevik opposers from inside and outside of Russia.
4.. Read Source 3. What evidence does it provide of Lenin's
a) political skill
He saw an obstacle that had to be overcome, and he stated his intentions of overcoming this obstacle without clearly stating the ruthless methods he had in mind.
b) ruthlessness
The Bourgoisie was an obstacle that was against Lenin's rise, and his plan was just to get rid of the middle class members that got in his way. He had no mercy and was fully prepared to kill anyone that might get in his way to absolute power.
5. Use Sources 5 and 7 to describe how the Civil War affected ordinary people.
The ordinary people of Russsia hated the Bolsheviks, because the Red Army would send armed soldiers to forcibly take their grain, and punishment for military offense was death. People were arrested frequently, and held in prison for months without trial. The middle class was completely oppressed, and weren't allowed to sell things or run their businesses. People all over Petrograd died from starvation. Also, people were in a war zone, and if the fighting reached their village, they paid a price for doing nothing wrong to whichever side wins over the village in battle. The common people were suffering during the civil war.
6. "Most Russians saw the Bolsheviks as the lesser of two evils." With reference to Sources 5, 7, 13 and 16 explain whether or not you agree with this statement or not.
Sunday, October 24, 2010
October 1917 Revolution
~~How effective was the Provisional Government?~~
1. Decisions that faced the Provisional Government when it took over in March 1917:
-- What to do about the war
The Provisional Government promised Russia's allies that it would stand by them and stay in the war, and it tried to do so, but the war effort was failing miserable. Soldiers deserted frequently, morale was low, and order was lost. The Russian military was a complete disaster
-- What to do about land
The Provisional Government decided to make the peasants wait until elections were held to establish a government before they could start getting their land, but the peasants started taking it by force anyways, so the Provisional Government came back with force of their own to stop them.
-- What to do about food
Without support from the peasants, the Provisional Government could not bring food into the towns, and as a result, food prices skyrocketed. This, in turn, lost the Provisional Government even more support.
2. How the actions of its opponents harmed the Provisional Government:
-- Members of the soviets
Went against the Provisional Government and continued to hold more power over the people, and gained much more support than the Provisional Government, which wasn't giving the people anything that they wanted.
-- Bolsheviks
Promised the people exactly what they wanted: bread, peace, and land, when the Provisional Government was giving the opposite, therefore turning the support of most of Russia over to the Bolsheviks and the Soviets.
-- General Kornilov
He made an attempt at taking over the government. He prepared his revolt and set off against Kerensky, who had no chance and was forced to call on the Bolsheviks for help. The Bolsheviks obliged, crushed the revolt, and gained a lot of support.
3. Based on your answers to questions 1 & 2, how effective do you think the Provisional Government was? Your answer should be at least two paragraphs. Make sure you provide key details and analysis.
The Provisional Government was a total failure. It had a good idea, serving as a temporary government until elections were held to decide on a final government, but what it did when it held power was completely opposite of what the people wanted. Since the tsar had abdicated, and there was no government, someone had to take control in the meantime. So the Provisional Government, 12 members of the Duma, took power temporarily. Although such a thing was necessary at the time, it was a failure. The majority of the people, mainly the peasants, were not at all satisfied with this temporary government. It didn't give the people anything of what they wanted: peace, bread, and land. The other, unofficial government, the Petrograd Soviet, was the government that really had all the power.
The Petrograd Soviet was another reason why the Provisional Government was as unsuccessful as it was. It promised the peasants what they wanted, which was bread, peace, and land. The Provisional Government decided to remain in the war with Germany, and to make the peasants wait to get their land. The peasants were very dissatisfied and began to take the land by force anyways, to which the Provisional Government responded with "punishment expeditions," beating peasants and burning their homes and farms. This, of course, lost the Provisional Government more support, and without support, it could not get food to people. Amongst all of the Provisional Government's failures, the Petrograd Soviet was gaining more support. It had all the power because it promised the peasants their bread, peace, and land. The majority of the people supported them, therefore they had all the support while the Provisional Government had almost no support.
~~The Appeal of Lenin and Trotsky~~
1. Using Sources 42 - 44, and the Profile of Lenin, add extra details to the profile of Lenin:
-- Why Lenin appealed to people
He was a professional revolutionary, and he was ambitious and determined. Also, he did not give off a very good professional look, and he seemed to the people to be more like one of them, and not a superior gentleman. He was a good speaker and he rallied the people up into a determined struggle in favor of his cause.
-- His personal qualities
He was ruthless and used human beings as tools and materials to do as he pleased. He was short, sturdy, and bald. He looked like a small tradesman, and he appeared fairly unkempt and informal, which appealed to the peasants because he seemed more like them.
-- His strengths as a leader
He dealt with internal divisions within the Bolshevik party, and provided tight control and discipline and unity that other parties lacked.
2. Using Sources 45 - 47, and the Profile of Trotsky, add extra details to the profile of Trotsky:
-- Why Trotsky appealed to people
1. Decisions that faced the Provisional Government when it took over in March 1917:
-- What to do about the war
The Provisional Government promised Russia's allies that it would stand by them and stay in the war, and it tried to do so, but the war effort was failing miserable. Soldiers deserted frequently, morale was low, and order was lost. The Russian military was a complete disaster
-- What to do about land
The Provisional Government decided to make the peasants wait until elections were held to establish a government before they could start getting their land, but the peasants started taking it by force anyways, so the Provisional Government came back with force of their own to stop them.
-- What to do about food
Without support from the peasants, the Provisional Government could not bring food into the towns, and as a result, food prices skyrocketed. This, in turn, lost the Provisional Government even more support.
2. How the actions of its opponents harmed the Provisional Government:
-- Members of the soviets
Went against the Provisional Government and continued to hold more power over the people, and gained much more support than the Provisional Government, which wasn't giving the people anything that they wanted.
-- Bolsheviks
Promised the people exactly what they wanted: bread, peace, and land, when the Provisional Government was giving the opposite, therefore turning the support of most of Russia over to the Bolsheviks and the Soviets.
-- General Kornilov
He made an attempt at taking over the government. He prepared his revolt and set off against Kerensky, who had no chance and was forced to call on the Bolsheviks for help. The Bolsheviks obliged, crushed the revolt, and gained a lot of support.
3. Based on your answers to questions 1 & 2, how effective do you think the Provisional Government was? Your answer should be at least two paragraphs. Make sure you provide key details and analysis.
The Provisional Government was a total failure. It had a good idea, serving as a temporary government until elections were held to decide on a final government, but what it did when it held power was completely opposite of what the people wanted. Since the tsar had abdicated, and there was no government, someone had to take control in the meantime. So the Provisional Government, 12 members of the Duma, took power temporarily. Although such a thing was necessary at the time, it was a failure. The majority of the people, mainly the peasants, were not at all satisfied with this temporary government. It didn't give the people anything of what they wanted: peace, bread, and land. The other, unofficial government, the Petrograd Soviet, was the government that really had all the power.
The Petrograd Soviet was another reason why the Provisional Government was as unsuccessful as it was. It promised the peasants what they wanted, which was bread, peace, and land. The Provisional Government decided to remain in the war with Germany, and to make the peasants wait to get their land. The peasants were very dissatisfied and began to take the land by force anyways, to which the Provisional Government responded with "punishment expeditions," beating peasants and burning their homes and farms. This, of course, lost the Provisional Government more support, and without support, it could not get food to people. Amongst all of the Provisional Government's failures, the Petrograd Soviet was gaining more support. It had all the power because it promised the peasants their bread, peace, and land. The majority of the people supported them, therefore they had all the support while the Provisional Government had almost no support.
~~The Appeal of Lenin and Trotsky~~
1. Using Sources 42 - 44, and the Profile of Lenin, add extra details to the profile of Lenin:
-- Why Lenin appealed to people
He was a professional revolutionary, and he was ambitious and determined. Also, he did not give off a very good professional look, and he seemed to the people to be more like one of them, and not a superior gentleman. He was a good speaker and he rallied the people up into a determined struggle in favor of his cause.
-- His personal qualities
He was ruthless and used human beings as tools and materials to do as he pleased. He was short, sturdy, and bald. He looked like a small tradesman, and he appeared fairly unkempt and informal, which appealed to the peasants because he seemed more like them.
-- His strengths as a leader
He dealt with internal divisions within the Bolshevik party, and provided tight control and discipline and unity that other parties lacked.
2. Using Sources 45 - 47, and the Profile of Trotsky, add extra details to the profile of Trotsky:
-- Why Trotsky appealed to people
By far the strongest speaker in the leadership, which made him the best known Bolshevik leader. Made references in his speeches to the lives of his audience to create a sense of familiarity and make the people view him as "one of us."
-- His personal qualities
Talented orator and writer, which is what gave him his talent with speaking to crowds and gaining public support.
Talented orator and writer, which is what gave him his talent with speaking to crowds and gaining public support.
-- His strengths as a leader
By far the strongest speaker in the leadership, which made him the best known Bolshevik leader. He was source of public inspiration for the Bolsheviks. His genius seemed to even surpass Lenin.
3. Finally, write a short report on the contribution of each individual to the Bolsheviks' success in 1917.
By far the strongest speaker in the leadership, which made him the best known Bolshevik leader. He was source of public inspiration for the Bolsheviks. His genius seemed to even surpass Lenin.
3. Finally, write a short report on the contribution of each individual to the Bolsheviks' success in 1917.
Lenin's contribution the the Bolsheviks' success in 1917 was his order and discipline, while that of Trotsky was incredible speeches gaining public support. Lenin was more often behind the scenes, planning things out and calculating all the steps. He was the mastermind behind the Bolsheviks' success. He supplied all the order and discipline among the Bolsheviks to keep it in order, and made the plans. Meanwhile, Trotsky was using his genius to gain public support. He was an incredible speaker and he knew how to captivate the people and make them listen to him, and they liked what he said. As a result, the Bolsheviks gained support while developing an excellent, well organized party with a plan to take over the government.
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