Russia: Revolutionary Period, 1905-1917

1. Peter Stolypin believed that the crown's survival depended on what two factors?

- Restoration of order

- Genuine cooperation of the Duma

2. What was the "Stolypin's necktie"?
The "Stolypin's necktie" was the nickname for the noose, because Stolypin and the government executed so many Russians.

3. Economic conditions between 1910 and 1914 in Russia were mixed.
a. What are examples of the postive economic conditions?
- The Ministry of Finance issued loans from Western European banks, which helped Russian and foreign owned industries to bounce back
- Iron and coal productions increased, along with Russia's exports and imports, and Russia became the world's leading grain exporter.

b. What are examples of negative economic conditions?
- Conflict increased everywhere
- Thousands of strikes and peasant disturbances
- Lots of political and ethnic divisions help together only by a weak tsar

4. List three ways that Russia financed its costs during World War I.
- Increasing taxes
- Securing foreign loans
- Increasing the supply of paper money by six times

5. Why was Rasputin an important figure? How was he regarded by many Russians?
Rasputin was important because he was just a peasant that supposedly cured the hemophiliac son of the tsar, and therefore was appointed as one of Nicholas's advisors. He seriously abused the position and was horribly corrupt, and he made Russians dislike the government even more.

6. List two reasons why workers called for a change of government in the winter of 1916-17.
- There was a critical food shortage
- By then, the government had shown that it was completely incompetent of running the country

7. Why was the soldiers' mutiny of February 27 so important?

The soldiers' mutiny of February 27 was the turning point, and the event that sparked a finale of revolts that finally got the tsar to step down. Because of the soldiers' mutiny, about 170,000 weapons got onto the street, and violence increased drastically. The bloody revolts were too much for the monarchy to handle, since it had lost its loyalty from its people and its armed forced, and it collapsed. Tsar Nicholas abdicated on March 2, 1917.

8. How did the Soviet gain the loyality of the soldiers?
The Soviet gained the loyalty of the soldiers by granting them immunity and protection so that they would not face punishment when they returned to their barracks.

9. List five of the political reforms of the Provisional Government.

- Outlawed capital punishment

- Reformed the judicial system

- Began to place the police force under control of the local governments

- Freedoms of speech, press, assembly, and universal suffrage

- Appealed legal restrictions on religion, class, and race